Leather Grades Explained

Leather Grades Explained: What Are Tannery Runs and Why They Matter

If you have ever shopped for leather hides, you have probably seen terms like A grade, B grade, or utility grade. These are part of a tannery grading system, often called tannery runs. The grading does not describe the strength or tanning quality of the leather. Instead, it refers to surface yield - how much usable leather you can expect from a hide.

Tanneries commonly sort hides into a run of grades. A typical tannery run might be 25 percent A grade, 50 percent B grade, and 25 percent C grade. This balance helps manufacturers and crafters choose leather based on how they plan to use it.

Grade affects yield rather than durability. A lower grade hide is not weaker or poorly tanned. It simply has more marks, scars, holes, or colour variation. If your project uses small pattern pieces, you may achieve excellent results from lower grades. If you need large clean panels, higher grades will reduce waste and save time.

Here is a simple breakdown of common grades.

A Grade
This is the highest yield grade.
The prime area usually has one to two small defects.
The non-prime area may have three to four minor defects.
Ideal for projects needing large, clean panels.

B Grade (also called #2 Grade)
The prime area typically has three to four small defects.
The non-prime area may include small holes and visible blemishes.
A good choice for general leathercraft where pattern pieces are moderate in size.

C Grade
Allows more than one square foot of damage, waste, or noticeable colour variation.
Best suited to small goods, patchwork, practice pieces, or rustic-style projects.

Utility Grade (D Grade or Low Grade)
Contains heavier marking, damage, or variation.
Perfect for prototypes, workshop use, lining, or budget-friendly projects where appearance is less critical.

When choosing a grade, think about your pattern layout first. A wallet maker can often use C or utility grade with minimal waste. A bag maker cutting large panels will benefit from A or B grade. Same leather quality, different yield expectations.

Understanding tannery runs helps you buy smarter, reduce waste, and get better value from every hide.