Water Based vs. Alcohol Based Leather Dyes: What’s the Difference?
Antonia MarinoWhen it comes to colouring leather, the type of dye you use can make a big difference to the final result. The two most common types are water-based and alcohol-based dyes, and while they may look similar in the bottle, they behave quite differently.
Water Based Leather Dyes
Water based dyes are generally safer to use, have less smell, and are better for the environment. They tend to stay on the surface of the leather longer, which gives you more time to work and blend. These dyes also penetrate less deeply, meaning colours are often more even and vibrant, especially on veg-tan leather. However, they can slightly stiffen the leather, and drying times are a bit slower. Once dry, they usually need a sealant to protect from water or rubbing off.
Alcohol Based Leather Dyes
These dyes sink in fast. Because alcohol evaporates quickly, the dye penetrates deeper into the leather fibres, giving a rich, long-lasting colour. They’re great for projects where you want bold saturation or where the leather will see a lot of wear. On the downside, they can be a bit trickier to control, they dry quickly, can leave streaks, and the strong smell isn’t for everyone. Alcohol can also dry out the leather, so some aftercare is often needed.
Which should you choose?
It depends on your project. If you're after vibrant surface colour, doing detailed work, or working indoors with good ventilation, water-based might be your best bet. If you want deep, permanent colour for a belt or bag, and don’t mind working quickly, alcohol based could be ideal.
A few quick tips:
Always test on a scrap piece first
Use gloves (unless you want very colourful fingers)
Finish with a sealant or topcoat, whichever dye you choose
Store dyes tightly capped and away from direct sun
Whether you go water-based or alcohol-based, both dyes have their place in leathercraft. It just depends on the look you’re going for and how you like to work.